On 16 November 2025, at the Seventh Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia, the presidents of the “C5,” the Central Asia republics of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, announced the Republic of Azerbaijan would join the group, now christened the “C6.” In October 2023, President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan attended the Fifth Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia and noted, “Azerbaijan is a reliable transit country along the route to…